You probably know about the relationship between smoking and lung cancer, but did you know smoking is also linked to heart disease, stroke and other chronic diseases? Smoking can increase your risk for cancer of the bladder, throat, mouth, kidneys, cervix and pancreas. Thinking about quitting? Look at the facts!

WHY SHOULD YOU QUIT?

• Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of death.
• Almost one third of deaths from coronary heart disease are due to smoking and second-hand smoke.
• Smoking is linked to about 90% of lung cancer cases.
• On average, smokers die more than ten years earlier than non-smokers.
• You can be one of the millions of people who successfully quit every year.

WHAT MAKES CIGARETTES SO TOXIC AND DANGEROUS?

There are more than 5,000 chemical components found in cigarette smoke and hundreds of them are harmful to human health.

Here are a few examples:

• 1,3-Butadiene is a chemical used to manufacture rubber. It is considered to be a carcinogenic chemical that can cause certain blood cancers;
• Arsenic is used to preserve wood. Some arsenic compounds have been linked to cancer of the lung, skin, liver, and bladder;
• Benzene is used to manufacture other chemicals. It can cause cancer, particularly leukaemia, in humans;
• Cadmium is a metal used to make batteries. Cadmium and cadmium compounds can cause lung cancer and have been associated with kidney and prostate cancer;
• Chromium VI is used to make alloy metals, paint and dyes. Chromium VI compounds cause lung cancer and have been associated with cancer of the nose and nasal sinuses;
• Formaldehyde is used to make other chemicals and resins. It is also used as a preservative. Formaldehyde causes leukaemia and cancer in respiratory tissues;
• Polonium-210 is a radioactive element that has been shown to cause cancer in animals;
• Tar is made of several chemicals that are in tobacco smoke. It leaves a sticky, brown residue on your lungs, teeth and fingernails.

CARBON MONOXIDE AND NICOTINE: A DANGEROUS DUO

Carbon monoxide is a harmful gas you inhale when you smoke. Once in your lungs, it’s transferred to your bloodstream. Carbon monoxide decreases the amount of oxygen that is carried in the red blood cells. It also increases the amount of cholesterol that is deposited into the inner lining of the arteries which, over time, can cause the arteries to harden. This leads to heart disease, artery disease and possibly heart attack.

Nicotine is a dangerous and highly addictive chemical. It can cause an increase in blood pressure, heart rate, flow of blood to the heart and a narrowing of the arteries (vessels that carry blood). Nicotine may also contribute to the hardening of the arterial walls, which in turn, may lead to a heart attack. This chemical can stay in your body for six to eight hours depending on how often you smoke. Also, as with most addictive substances, there are some side effects of withdrawal. And some e-cigarettes and newer tobacco products deliver even more nicotine than traditional cigarettes.

SECOND-HAND SMOKE

Smokers aren’t the only ones affected by tobacco smoke. Second-hand smoke and vapour is a serious health hazard for non-smokers, especially children. Non-smokers who have high blood pressure or high blood cholesterol have an even greater risk of developing heart diseases when they are exposed to second-hand smoke. Second-hand tobacco smoke contributes to thousands of premature heart disease and lung cancer deaths. Studies show that the risk of developing heart disease is about 25-30 per cent higher among people exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home or work. Second-hand smoke promotes illness, too. Children of smokers have many more respiratory infections than do children of non-smokers.